Compression characteristics of saturated re-compacted glacial tills in Tianmo Gully of Tibet,China     

CHEN Lei-lei  ZHOU Gordon G.D.  MU Qing-yi  CUI Kahlil Fredrick E.  SONG Dong-ri 《山地科学学报》2019,(7)

Glacial tills are highly compressible soils composed of loosely cemented sandy silt particles. Their role, for instance, as initial filler materials in geo-technical projects along temperate glacier regions warrant a systematic evaluation of their compressive characteristics. As such, we carry out a series of onedimensional compression tests on re-compacted glacial till samples obtained from Tianmo Gully, Tibet, with the aims of evaluating their compressive behavior under controlled initial stress conditions. The yield stress was determined from the void ratio versus consolidation pressure(e-log) planes. Its compression and swelling behaviors were observed during the primary and secondary compressions of the consolidation tests. From the compression curves, a correlation can be found between the consolidation stress and the void index. In addition, we find that the compression curves of glacial tills collapse into a single curve when normalized by the compression index. The experimental results in this study provide a basic understanding of the compression characteristics of the glacial tills in Tibet, China.  相似文献   

Evaluating the Geographic in GIS     

Weihe W. Guan  Matthew W. Wilson  Anne K. Knowles 《Geographical review》2019,109(3):297-307

Despite several decades of discussion and debate around the role of GIS in the discipline of Geography, it would be a stretch to argue that GIS has not irreversibly altered the discipline, both in the scope of research and teaching as well as in the wider imagination of a general public. However, it remains a challenge to incorporate the range of geographic knowledge, born of a diversity of modalities, into operational insights and analytical pre‐conditions in a GIS. To be certain, some irreconcilability between GIS and geographical inquiry is to be expected, epistemologically speaking. In what follows, we consider what might be meant by a shift to geographic analysis as scholars from disciplines in the humanities and social sciences turn to GIS as a method of observation, interpretation, analysis, and representation. In this context, we engage in a thought experiment and offer some commentary, fixing the notion of information system, while opening the geographic in GIS to more variable understanding. The point is to pursue greater development of GIS theory and method, encompassing, while not reducing, scientific, social scientific, and humanities research.  相似文献   

Application of Avaatech X-ray fluorescence core-scanning in Sr/Ca analysis of speleothems     

Dong LI  Liangcheng TAN  Fei GUO  Yanjun CAI  Youbin SUN  Gang XUE  Xing CHENG  Hong YAN  Hai CHENG  R.Lawrence EDWARDS  Yongli GAO  Jessica KELLEY 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,(6)

Application of X-ray fluorescence core-scanning(XRF-CS) on both marine and lake sediments has achieved remarkable results. However, its application has not been widely extended to the research on speleothems. In this study, we measure the Sr abundance and the Sr/Ca ratios of three stalagmites(two aragonite stalagmites, one calcite stalagmite) using the state-of-the-art fourth-generation Avaatech high-resolution XRF core scanner. Through comparisons among different scan paths and among different scan resolutions, as well as comparisons with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES), Itrax XRF, and Artax XRF results, we confirm that the Avaatech XRF core scanner could precisely, quickly, and nondestructively analyze the high-resolution Sr abundance of speleothems. Furthermore, we combine the stalagmite δ~(18)O records to explore the paleoclimatic significance of the measured stalagmite Sr/Ca.  相似文献   

Understanding the Past and Present and Predicting the Future: Farmers’ Use of Multiple Nutrient Best Management Practices in the Upper Midwest     

Riva C. H. Denny  Sandra T. Marquart-Pyatt  Matthew Houser 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(7):807-826

Understanding what drives farmers’ voluntary adoption of nutrient and soil best management practices has important consequences for many environmental outcomes including water quality. We build on research revealing the need for simultaneous use of multiple nitrogen best management practices to achieve water quality improvement goals. Using social, economic and attitudinal variables we predict the use of multiple nitrogen best management practices at three time points: current use (2013), past use (before 2013), and likelihood of use on their largest field in the next three years. Our empirical analysis uses structural equation modeling with latent variables and 2014 farmer survey data from three Midwestern US states. Most farmers in our sample used at least one of the six best management practices. Our results reveal that farmers’ attitudes, use of information sources, and conservation program participation affect the number of nitrogen best management practices concurrently in use at multiple time points.  相似文献   

Ranking of Placer Gold Prospects in Chile Through Analytic Hierarchy Process     

Jara  J. Joaquín  Moreno  Francisco  Jara  Raúl  Dubournais  Francisco  Mata  Rodrigo  Peters  David  Marquardt  Carlos  Lagos  Gustavo 《Natural Resources Research》2019,28(3):813-832

Chile has a rich, but poorly known history of placer gold mining. At present, this sector is almost nonexistent and there are some restrictions for its revival: disperse and partial information on existing resources and limited technical expertise to assess the potential of placer gold mine sites. This paper presents the background, methodology and results of the prioritization process of known prospects of this kind in Chile. This research was part of a publicly funded project aimed to incentivize the development of this industry. The ranking was carried out using the analytic hierarchy process, which allowed to include different quantitative and qualitative variables related to the economic potential, technical aspects, contextual viability and socioeconomic factors in the analysis. The results show that, despite the increasing relevance of environmental and community issues in mining development, the business potential and the economic/technical aspects are the main factors in the early selection of a site to advance in exploration and development activities. Both variables represented around 40% and 37% of weights in the final selection, respectively. In contrast, contextual viability and local socioeconomic impacts only accounted for the remaining 23%. This study also shows that the inclusion of experts with different backgrounds in the process enriches the analysis and does not significantly distort the final outcome of the prioritization. Finally, the relevance of using MCDM tools when assessing the attractiveness of mine sites for their development is highlighted, particularly when public funds for subsequent exploration activities are committed.

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基于U形卷积神经网络的震相识别与到时拾取方法研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

赵明  陈石  房立华  David A Yuen 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3034-3042

精确获取震相到时是地震定位和地震走时成像等研究的重要基础.近年来，随着地震台站的不断加密，地震台网监测到的地震数量成倍增长，发展快速、准确、适用性强的震相到时自动拾取算法是地震行业的迫切需求.本文在前人工作基础上，发展了Pg、Sg震相自动识别与到时拾取的U网络算法（Unet_cea），使用汶川余震和首都圈地震台网记录的89344个不同震级、不同信噪比的样本进行训练和测试.研究表明，U网络能够较好地识别Pg、Sg震相类型和拾取到时，Pg、Sg震相的正确识别率分别为81%和79.1%，与人工标注到时的均方根误差分别为0.41 s和0.54 s.U网络在命中率、均方根误差等性能指标上均明显优于STA/LTA和峰度分析自动拾取方法.研究获得的最优模型可以为区域地震台网的自动处理提供辅助.  相似文献   

Geomagnetic Disturbances Accompanying the Great Japanese Earthquake of March 11, 2011     

Chernogor  L. F. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2019,59(1):62-75

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - This work analyzes the geomagnetic field variations recorded at the Magnetic Observatory of Karazin Kharkiv National University (in the period range of 1–1000 s)...  相似文献   

Polar Activity of the Sun and Latitudinal Activity Drifts in Cycles 15–24     

Tlatov  A. G.  Tlatova  K. A. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2019,59(8):1016-1021

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The solar activity at different latitudes is analyzed based on daily observations at Kodaikanal, Mount Wilson, Sacramento Peak, and Meudon observatories in the CaIIK...  相似文献   

The Space and Time Variations of Water Quality and Water Pollution Dynamics in the Oka Basin     

Dzhamalov  R. G.  Vlasov  K. G.  Myagkova  K. G.  Reshetnyak  O. S.  Safronova  T. I. 《Water Resources》2019,46(1):S74-S84

Water Resources - The space–time variations in the Oka basin water chemistry have been considered. The specific features in the river water and groundwater pollution along the Oka channel and...  相似文献   

An improved input energy spectrum verified by the shake table tests     

Ahmet Güllü  Ercan Yüksel  Cem Yalçın  A. Anıl Dindar  Hasan Özkaynak  Oral Büyüköztürk 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(1):27-45

Input energy is the principal component of the energy balance equation. It is beneficial to determine, through its components, how the recoverable and irrecoverable energies are distributed within the structural elements. Several equations and attenuation relations to define mass-normalized input energy spectra exist in the literature. They are mainly proposed for elastic systems subjected to far-fault EQs. There is a lack of experimental verification of these proposed spectra. In this paper, experimental assessment was performed to the existing spectra, and further improvements were accomplished. For this purpose, steel cantilever columns were tested on the shake table for two specific historical EQs coincidently having similar spectral acceleration values. Based on the experimental results, a three-part mass-normalized relative input energy spectrum was formulated including soil type, EQ (corner period, intensity, duration, spectral acceleration, and velocity), and structural behavioral characteristics (period and structural damping). The proposed input energy spectrum was experimentally calibrated and numerically validated for various EQs featuring near- and far-field types. Analytical and experimental comparisons were made between the previously developed spectrum and the newly proposed one. The validation studies and the statistical evaluations exposed that the proposed spectrum yielded better agreement with the experimental and numerical results.  相似文献